Cicadas and Their Unexpected Benefits for Ecosystems

Each year, cicadas break through the surface of the earth, making a grand entrance into Kentucky’s vibrant ecosystem. However, according to the University of Kentucky entomologists, this year for Eastern KY is the 'Bourbon Brood' 14 - 17 year periodical cicadas - now. And did they just come out overnight - they are everywhere!

As the soil is warming up, the cicadas are just now (May 12th) emerging from the ground, marking an incredible moment in nature. Beyond their distinctive sounds, these creatures bring along a plethora of ecological benefits that are often overlooked.

Cicadas are not just a spectacle; they can significantly enrich the ecosystem. Their exoskeletons, once shed, can serve multiple purposes. These shells are a fantastic source of mulch, enhancing the structure of soil while also adding nitrogen—an essential nutrient that promotes healthy plant growth. When cicadas die, they decompose, enriching the soil with vital organic matter.

Furthermore, cicadas provide an essential food source for local wildlife, such as snakes, fox, wild turkeys and particularly birds. As they emerge, countless birds feast on these protein-packed delights, boosting their energy for nesting and raising young. Even if a dog happens to indulge in a cicada snack, there's no need to worry; these insects are high in protein and can safely contribute to a pet's diet. Although, please seek advice from your pet's veterinarian for more information. Please know cicadas are not harmful to humans, pets or wildlife, as they do not bite or sting.

While these buzzing insects are fascinating, it's also important to take preventive measures. Certain plants are known to deter cicadas, such as garlic and marigolds. Cultivating these can minimize cicada presence in your garden, allowing you to enjoy the season without overwhelming disturbances.

Cicadas typically emerge every 13 to 17 years, depending on the species. Their chorus can be quite loud—often reaching over 100 decibels—which can be startling at first. This cacophony, however, holds a purpose; male cicadas sing to attract females, ensuring the continuity of their species. Males are the only ones to produce the sound. Once mature, these insects will only live for a few weeks, making their annual return a spectacle every time.

As cicadas prepare for mating, tree safety becomes a concern. It’s essential to monitor your trees for potential damage; the female cicadas make slits in tree bark to lay eggs - as many as 200 to 600 tiny eggs are deposited. While this may seem harmless, heavy infestations could negatively impact young trees. Regular checks on your foliage can help mitigate any long-term harm. Please do not use insecticides as it negatively impacts the environment and all of the wildlife. The safest way to help deter damage to trees is by using netting for young trees which will prevent the females from laying their eggs.

In summary, while cicadas may seem like a pesky annoyance, their emergence this year in Kentucky opens up numerous benefits for ecosystems. From enriching soil to providing sustenance for birds and other wildlife, these insects play an integral role in maintaining ecological balance.

As they gracefully leave their shells, they remind us of the interconnectedness of nature and the importance of coexistence. So, during this unique period, rather than being alarmed, embrace the emergence of cicadas and all the myriad advantages they bring to our ecosystem.